United News of Bangladesh

Vultures tend to have a bad reputation. Commonly seen as unattractive and associated with death, they're often among the least appreciated animals. But conservationists in Africa are working to shift that perception. They're highlighting the crucial role vultures play in the environment—along with their economic value—to help protect these endangered birds. A recent BirdLife International report estimates that vultures contribute $1.8 billion annually to ecosystems in southern Africa. This surprising figure reflects their essential work in cleaning up carcasses, controlling pests, and supporting anti-poaching efforts. “They might not be the most attractive or popular animals, but they’re incredibly important,” said Fadzai Matsvimbo, extinction prevention coordinator at BirdLife International. This report comes at a critical time—six out of 11 African vulture species are classified as endangered or critically endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. In some regions, populations have plummeted by nearly 90%, Matsvimbo noted. By raising awareness through the report, conservationists hope both the public and decision-makers will begin to understand vultures’ ecological value. The research focused on Botswana, Zambia, and Zimbabwe, where vultures were shown to quickly clean up carcasses, helping prevent disease and reducing pests like rats and stray dogs, benefiting local communities. Vultures also have powerful digestive systems that allow them to consume harmful bacteria and toxins—including anthrax and botulism—that would be lethal to other animals. This week alone, over 50 hippos reportedly died from suspected anthrax in a Congolese reserve, underscoring the vulture’s unique ecological role. “Vultures are nature’s top-tier sanitation workers,” said Matsvimbo. She also pointed to India’s vulture population collapse, which triggered a public health crisis. A study found that half a million people in India may have died due to the resulting rise in infections. In Africa, vultures are also valuable to wildlife rangers, acting as indicators of dead animals and helping track poaching activity. They’ve even helped farmers locate lost or injured livestock. As scavengers that feed only on dead animals, vultures are especially vulnerable to poisoning—either deliberately by poachers or accidentally from pest control efforts. One poisoned carcass can kill hundreds of vultures. Other threats include power line collisions and killings tied to superstitions. Some believe vultures have clairvoyant abilities, leading to the use of their body parts in traditional medicine, especially their heads. Kerri Wolter, CEO of the South African-based VulPro vulture rehab center, works to rescue and release injured birds. She says vultures’ sharp eyesight and keen instincts have led to beliefs that they can predict death. “Our mission is to shift perceptions,” said Wolter. “We want people to see vultures and think, 'wow, that’s an amazing creature.’” Both Wolter and Matsvimbo blame pop culture for contributing to vultures’ bad image. Hollywood often portrays them as evil, Wolter said—comparing it to the negative impact Jaws had on public opinion of sharks. “I love The Lion King, but every time vultures show up, it breaks my heart,” said Matsvimbo. “They’re always the villains. I’ve got a bone to pick with those filmmakers—no pun intended.”

Securing permanent residency (PR) is a significant milestone for international students aiming to build a stable and prosperous future abroad. It offers long-term benefits such as job security, access to social services, and the freedom to live without visa restrictions. As global education becomes a pathway to migration, students are increasingly choosing countries that provide clear PR opportunities. Let’s explore the top five destinations where education opens doors to permanent residency. Top 5 Countries Offering Smooth Transition from Student Visa to PR . New Zealand The structured migration pathway in New Zealand allows graduates to transition from student status to skilled professionals, eventually leading to PR. The first critical step after completing studies in New Zealand is the Post Study Work Visa (PSWV). This visa is available to those who have held a student visa and recently completed an eligible qualification. The duration can be extended up to three years, depending on the level and duration of the qualification studied within the country. Holders of a degree-level 7 or above qualification- studied full-time for at least 30 weeks- are permitted to work for any employer in any job. Conversely, graduates with a non-degree level 7 or below qualification must secure employment that is directly related to their field of study. To qualify, the programme must have been pursued full-time in New Zealand for its full duration and appear on the green list roles. Read more: Study in New Zealand: Application process, cost for international students The list link:https://www.immigration.govt.nz/new-zealand-visas/preparing-a-visa-application/working-in-nz/qualifications-for-work/green-list-occupations This visa can be granted only once, making the application process critical. It must be submitted within three months of the student visa's expiry. There are exceptions: doctoral graduates are allowed six months, and those transitioning from an eligible qualification to a higher-level but ineligible programme may have up to twelve months post-completion of the first qualification to apply. The visa application processing time is efficient, with 80% of applications processed within three weeks. Additional benefits include provisions for immediate family members. Partners of PSWV holders can apply for a work visa, and dependent children may study as domestic students without paying international fees. Read more: 10 Cheapest UK Universities for Non-EU, International Students For those aspiring to transition from temporary to permanent residence, employment in roles listed on New Zealand’s Green List becomes highly advantageous. This list identifies occupations in demand, divided into Tier 1 and Tier 2 categories, offering two residency pathways: Straight to Residence Visa: Available to individuals working in a Tier 1 Green List role for an accredited employer. This visa grants indefinite stay, with 80% of applications processed within six months. Work to Residence Visa: Designed for individuals employed in a Tier 2 Green List role for at least 24 months under an accredited employer. This visa also permits an indefinite stay.The journey culminates with a Permanent Resident Visa, which may be obtained after holding a Resident Visa for a minimum of two years. Applicants must meet all conditions attached to their current Resident Visa and demonstrate a commitment to New Zealand. One common pathway to prove this is having spent at least 184 days in the country during each of the two preceding years before applying. This stay does not need to be continuous. Processing for Permanent Resident Visa applications is efficient as well, with 80% completed within two weeks. Further details on resident visa conditions are outlined here:   https://www.immigration.govt.nz/new-zealand-visas/already-have-a-visa/your-visa-conditions/check-your-visas-conditions/resident-visa-conditions Ireland This European country promises a route for international students seeking PR after completing their education. The system begins with the Third Level Graduate Scheme. It is designed to support non-European Economic Area (non-EEA) graduates in transitioning from study to skilled employment. This post-study work visa applies to those who have successfully completed a qualification at Level 8 or Level 9 on the National Framework of Qualifications from a recognised Irish awarding institution. Read more: Study in Ireland: Application process, cost for international students Graduates holding a Level 8 qualification are granted a 12-month stay, enabling them to remain in the country legally while seeking graduate-level employment. Meanwhile, those with a Level 9 or higher qualification may also receive an initial 12-month permission, with the total student permission capped at seven years. Two key employment permit options are available under this framework: General Employment Permit Critical Skills Employment Permit, which has replaced the earlier Green Card permit model.The Critical Skills Employment Permit targets sectors facing significant skill shortages. Roles listed under this category are regarded as high-demand and are designed to encourage long-term residency by offering a more direct pathway to permanent status. Applicants must submit their employment permit applications at least 12 weeks before their intended start date. The current list of eligible occupations can be accessed here: https://enterprise.gov.ie/en/what-we-do/workplace-and-skills/employment-permits/employment-permit-eligibility/highly-skilled-eligible-occupations-list/ Holders of the Critical Skills Employment Permit are entitled to apply for permission to live and work in Ireland without requiring a further employment permit once the initial permit period has been completed. This is typically recorded under Stamp 4, which signifies permission to remain and work without additional conditions. Long-term residency becomes a viable option after five years (60 months) of legal residence in Ireland. It is designated as an employment permit issued by the Department of Enterprise, Trade and Employment (DETE). To apply, applicants must present documented evidence of continuous legal residence based on employment permit conditions. This status must be confirmed by immigration stamps in the passport or expired Irish Residence Permit (IRP) cards. Importantly, only the periods covered by valid stamps or IRP cards are considered; gaps without such documentation are excluded from the calculation. Successful applicants receive a confirmation letter from Immigration Service Delivery. This official permission allows the individual to reside and work in Ireland for an additional five years without needing to reapply for a work permit. Finland A welcoming post-study pathway awaits graduates in this Nordic nation, where foreign students are given a practical opportunity after completing their academic commitments. Those who have earned a degree or completed research in the country may apply for a two-year residence permit to look for work or to establish a business. This post-graduation permit supports graduates who don’t yet have a job. It also applicable for those who doesn't meet the financial requirements for a work-based residence permit. Read more: Higher Studies in Finland For Bangladeshi Students: Admission, Visa, Scholarship, and Costs The flexibility of the system allows graduates or researchers to apply for this residence permit within five years from the expiry of their previous student or research permit. During this period, work-based residence permit applicants must have a job or successful business. It markes a pivotal step towards long-term settlement. Two types of permits categorize this phase: the A permit (continuous) and the B permit (temporary). Graduates issued with an A permit enjoy a broader set of rights, including the eligibility to apply for a municipality of residence through the Digital and Population Data Services Agency. This classification plays a significant role in enabling access to local services and formal civic integration. Progressing toward PR is structured yet achievable. To qualify, an applicant must have held a continuous residence permit (A permit) for four uninterrupted years. Temporary permits (B permits) are not counted towards this required duration. Additionally, applicants must have lived in the country for at least two years during this four-year period, ensuring not only legal residence but also meaningful integration into the society. Read more: Finland ranked again the world’s happiest country in 2025: What’s the secret A crucial requirement is the continuity of permits. Gaps between A permits, even brief, disrupt eligibility. Therefore, those aiming for PR must remain vigilant about permit renewals and application deadlines. Applying for a permanent residence permit must also occur before the expiration of the current residence status. If the permit has already lapsed, eligibility for permanent residence is lost. Any new application filed from abroad will be treated as a first-time residence permit, incurring the relevant fee and processing time. Denmark International graduates emerging from a Danish higher education institution have the opportunity to apply for a residence permit. Students at any level- bachelor’s, master’s, or PhD can apply for this three years permit to seek employment within the country. This transitional phase is specifically tailored for international students who wish to explore career opportunities upon completing their studies. The application process for this permit can take up to eight months. It is essential that applicants maintain their Danish address and refrain from residing abroad for more than six consecutive months. Read more: Study in Denmark: Costs, opportunities for international students However, an exception is made for individuals who were enrolled in international programmes such as Erasmus Mundus, Erasmus+, Nordic Master, or who completed a PhD in Denmark. These groups retain their residence rights even if they relocate temporarily or give up their Danish address, granting them greater flexibility during their post-study phase. In addition to the job-seeking permission, graduates are provided with a limited work permit. This allows them to take on part-time employment of up to 90 hours per month between September and May. During the summer months of June, July, and August, they are permitted to work full-time. This arrangement supports a balanced transition between academic life and professional engagement while searching for a longer-term role. Aspiring residents may also work toward a permanent residence permit, typically granted after eight years of continuous legal stay under a temporary residence permit. For some applicants who meet certain exceptional conditions, the required period may be reduced to four years. In all cases, the applicant must be employed at the time of the final decision regarding their PR. Read more: Study in South Korea: Admission, Visa, Costs, Scholarships, and Opportunities for International Students To fast-track eligibility, candidates must meet at least two out of four supplementary criteria: Passing the Danish Language Test 3, demonstrating strong language integration.  Maintaining four years of employment, reflecting long-term economic contribution.  Either passing the active citizen exam or engaging in activities that show civic participation.  Earning a minimum average annual income of DKK 331,249.35 over the past two years (based on the 2025 threshold). The figure amounts to BDT 5,894,772.76 as per exchange rate of DKK 1 = BDT 17.80. All applications- whether for a new permit, extension, or PR- must be submitted before the current permit expires. For extensions, applicants can initiate the process up to three months in advance, ensuring a seamless transition and uninterrupted legal status within the country. Italy Foreign students aiming to build a long-term career in Italy often find themselves considering a post-study pathway that leads to PR as well as employment. One such option allows students who complete their higher education in Italy to remain in the country on a Job-Seeking Visa. This permit grants them up to 12 months to explore job opportunities following graduation. Read more: Higher Studies in Italy: Application Process, Costs, Student Visa, Scholarships, and Benefits To initiate this process, it's essential to apply for the permit before the student visa expires. The application must be submitted to the Immigration Office, complete with all required documentation. Processing time typically ranges from 60 to 90 days, during which the applicant can legally reside in the country. Once a job is secured, the residence permit may be converted into a work permit. It extends the right to stay for two years, with the option for renewal. A unique aspect of this system lies in the ‘in quota’ and ‘extra quota’ visa classifications. Visas falling under the ‘in quota’ category are governed by Italy’s annual Decreto Flussi. This is a governmental policy that caps the number of work permits available for non-European Union nationals. Categories affected include seasonal work, non-seasonal employment, and self-employment. Applicants seeking a visa under this category must ensure that quotas are still open at the time of application, or risk rejection due to limits being reached. By contrast, ‘extra quota’ visas are not subject to numerical restrictions, allowing qualified candidates to proceed unhindered if all criteria are met. Those who manage to convert their job-seeking visa into a work permit are positioned well to begin fulfilling the prerequisites for PR. After five years of legal residence under a valid permit, individuals may apply for PR. Read more: Study in Lithuania: Application Process, Visa, Scholarships, Costs, and Benefits However, this five-year period must be continuous, meaning the applicant must not have left Italy for more than six consecutive months or a total of ten months across the period. Furthermore, the applicant must prove financial stability, employment, integration into Italian society, and proficiency in the Italian language at level A2. All these criteria should be met according to the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR). Registration as a civil and tax resident is also mandatory at the time of applying for PR. As part of the broader integration criteria, applicants may also be assessed on their knowledge of local culture and civic understanding. To avoid disruptions in legal residency, graduates must apply for a residence permit renewal at least 30 days prior to their current permit’s expiration, especially if they are awaiting employment confirmation or continuing work under a renewed contract. Bottom Line These Top 5 Countries stand out as leading destinations for international students seeking post-study work visa and PR pathway. New Zealand, Ireland, Finland, Denmark, and Italy each start with offering of time-bound permits to seek employment. It includes legal stay, stable income, job integration, and language proficiency. Permit durations vary from 12 months to three years, with clear transition routes to work permits. Timely applications, adherence to permit conditions, and fulfilling country-specific criteria are essential. Read more: How Bangladeshi Students Can Attest Certificates Online Before Going Overseas

A nation’s study environment and employment landscape deeply influence the quality of life and future prospects for international students. When education is integrated with accessible job markets, learners experience both academic and personal growth. European countries are globally recognised for maintaining rigorous academic standards. Their specialities are cutting-edge research, practical curriculum, and international collaborations. Among them, Finland stands out as a Schengen country, offering freedom of movement and cultural immersion. Let’s explore what makes this Nordic nation an ideal destination for Bangladeshi students. Eligibility Criteria for Higher Studies in Finland Before embarking on an academic journey to Finland, applicants must carefully review the eligibility requirements, which vary by program level. For bachelor's degrees, students must have completed their Higher Secondary Certificate, high school diploma, or an equivalent qualification. Master's programs require a completed undergraduate degree in a relevant field, with academic credits aligning with the European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System (ECTS). In the case of Universities of Applied Sciences (UAS), a distinctive requirement for master’s applicants is a minimum of two years of relevant work experience post-graduation. Doctoral programs, on the other hand, call for a postgraduate degree along with a well-structured research proposal or prior academic publications. Read more: Finland ranked again the world’s happiest country in 2025: What’s the secret Some universities may additionally request standardised test scores such as GMAT or GRE, particularly for competitive or business-related programs. Certain institutions might also include entrance examinations, SAT assessments, or online interviews as part of their admissions procedures. Despite Finnish and Swedish being the official languages, English is widely spoken—especially among younger generations. It eliminates the need for foreign students to learn the local languages. However, applicants are expected to demonstrate proficiency in English, typically through IELTS or TOEFL scores, which are highly regarded by Finnish universities. Top Universities in Finland and Popular Fields of Study The top-ranked educational institutions in Finland in recent years are: - Aalto University- University of Helsinki- University of Oulu- University of Turku- Lappeenranta University of Technology- Tampere University- University of Jyvaskyla- University of Eastern Finland- Abo Akademi University- University of Vaasa. Read more: Study in South Korea: Admission, Visa, Costs, Scholarships, and Opportunities for International Students The Best Fields of Study at Finnish universities Here are some of the most popular subjects to study in Finland - Engineering, Manufacturing, and Construction- Health and Welfare- Business Administration- Law- Arts and Humanities- Information and Communication Technologies- Natural sciences, Mathematics, and Statistics Application Procedures for Admission of Universities in Finland Finnish universities, including both traditional institutions and Universities of Applied Sciences (UAS), operate two major intakes for international students: Autumn semester: Beginning in August or September Spring semester: Starting in January or February Each admission cycle generally remains open for 5 to 6 months, allowing applicants ample time to prepare and submit documents. Read more: Study in Russia: Application Process, Visa, Scholarships, Costs, and Benefits Admission systems vary across universities and UAS institutions, each maintaining its own set of guidelines and document requirements. However, there are two main application pathways: Joint Application: Allows candidates to apply to a maximum of six different programs across various institutions using a single application form.Separate Application: A conventional method in which applicants apply to individual programs at specific institutions. To explore programs and complete online applications, the following platforms are commonly used: Official websites of UAS institutionsOfficial university websitesStudyinfo portal: https://opintopolku.fi/konfo/en/ Read more: How To Prepare For Higher Studies Abroad After HSC Essential Documents for University Admission Finnish higher education institutions typically require the following: - A fully completed application form- Certified copies of academic transcripts and diplomas- Proof of English language proficiency (IELTS or TOEFL)- Copy of passport. Additional Requirements for UAS and Advanced Programs - Proof of employment (for UAS master’s programs)- Special arrangements form (if needed for entrance exams)- Curriculum Vitae- Motivation letter or personal statement- Reference letters (if applicable)- Academic publications (for doctoral studies)- Except for English proficiency certificates and passport copies, all documents originally in Bengali must be submitted along with official translations. Read more: Higher Studies in England: Application, Study Cost, Scholarship, and Other Scopes Student Visa (Residence Permit) Application for Finland For stays longer than 90 days, international students are required to obtain a residence permit rather than a standard student visa. This permit not only covers the full duration of study but also grants permission to engage in part-time employment. Postgraduate students entering Finland for academic research must apply for a residence permit for scientific research, typically allowing up to two years of stay. Upon receiving approval for the residence permit, students must apply for a D-type visa, which facilitates immediate entry into Finland. The D-visa should be applied for as soon as the residence permit is granted, enabling entry within two weeks and collection of the residence card from within Finland. However, this visa comes with a validity limit of 100 days for entry. Read more: Studying for Bachelor’s in Romania: Application Process, Costs, Scholarships, and Opportunities for Bangladeshi Students To begin the process, applicants must create an account on the Enter Finland portal: https://enterfinland.fi/eServices/account/emailregistration After completing the online submission, the application form must be printed, signed, and submitted along with all supporting documents to the Finnish Embassy. Required Documentation for Student Visa After receiving the official offer letter from a Finnish educational institution, the visa application begins with gathering a complete set of documents. These include: - Official admission letter issued by a Finnish university or UAS- Valid passport with at least two blank pages and a validity of at least six months beyond the intended arrival in Finland- Proof of income, such as employment certificates (if applicable)- Financial sufficiency documentation, demonstrating access to a minimum of EUR 800 or BDT 1,07,216 (EUR 1 = BDT 134.02) per month. It amounts to an annual bank statement of at least EUR 9,600 (BDT 12,86,592) for the first academic year- Scholarship or sponsorship documents, if financial aid is awarded- Health insurance certificate:For study periods longer than two years, the policy must cover at least EUR 1,20,000 (BDT 1,60,82,400)- For durations shorter than two years, coverage of EUR 40,000 (BDT 53,60,800) is requiredAdditional documents may be requested by the embassy based on individual circumstances. Read more: Studying for Bachelor’s Degree in Hungary: Cost, Scholarships, Opportunities for Bangladeshi Students Booking an Appointment with the Embassy Once the Enter Finland online application is complete, the next step involves scheduling an in-person appointment for a visa interview. This is done via the VFS Global registration portal: https://services.vfsglobal.com/ind/en/frp/register After successful booking, a queue list is generated with the appointment date and time. On the scheduled date, applicants must visit the embassy with all original documents and printed application forms. Read more: Graduate Programs in the US: Guide for Bangladeshi Students Diplomatic Mission Address: Nyaya Marg (E-3), Chanakyapuri, New Delhi – 110021, India During the embassy visit, biometric enrollment—including fingerprints and photographs—is conducted. Once the interview is complete, the application is forwarded to the Finnish Immigration Service (Migri) for assessment. Read more: Study in France: Costs, Scholarships, and Opportunities for Bangladeshi Students Residence Permit Approval and D Visa Issuance Upon evaluation, the Finnish Immigration Service issues the final decision in the form of a Decision Envelope, sent to the embassy. Applicants are notified both via email and through their Enter Finland account. Collection of the envelope requires a physical visit to the embassy. A positive decision makes the applicant eligible to immediately apply for a D-type visa, which allows rapid entry into Finland. The D visa is generally processed within two weeks, though some cases may require up to one month. Following arrival in Finland, students can collect their residence permit card, the official document authorizing their stay and part-time work. While the permit decision itself may take 6 to 9 months in some cases, the physical card is typically issued within two weeks of the decision. A valid passport must be presented during card collection. Read more: Free Websites for Online IELTS Mock Tests Fees and Processing Charges The application fee for the residence permit (study purpose) when submitted online is EUR 450 (BDT 60,309). In addition, once the permit decision is positive, applicants must apply for a D-type visa, which incurs an additional fee of EUR 95 (BDT 12,732). Moreover, there is a VFS service charge of EUR 20 (BDT 2,681) applicable during the embassy appointment stage for handling the logistics and documentation. All payments can be made digitally through Visa or MasterCard during the online application process. Alternatively, these fees may also be paid at the time of the embassy interview.  However, it is important to note that opting for offline or paper-based applications typically results in higher fees and longer processing durations. Read more: Higher Education Abroad: How Bangladeshis Can Open Student Files Study and Living Costs in Finland Overall tuition fees range between EUR 8,000 to 20,000 annually (BDT 10,72,160 to 26,80,400). Beyond these costs, depending on the university and academic programme, students must prepare to meet daily living expenses independently. The Finnish Immigration Service (Migri) mandates a minimum monthly budget of EUR 800. However, a more realistic estimate is EUR 900 to 1,000 (BDT 1,20,618 to 1,34,020) per month to comfortably cover essentials such as food, accommodation, and transportation. For housing, international students can choose between student housing foundations and the private rental market. Within student housing, a single room in a shared apartment typically costs between EUR 200 (BDT 26,804) and EUR 380 (BDT 50,928) per month. Private or family flats offer more autonomy but tend to involve higher costs and longer waiting lists. Read more: 10 Cheapest UK Universities for Non-EU, International Students Additional student-related costs include an annual student union fee of around EUR 50 to EUR 70 (BDT 6,701 to 9,382). It grants access to subsidised meals and public transport discounts. This fee is compulsory for university students, while UAS students may choose to opt in. The Finnish Student Health Service fee is approximately EUR 35 (BDT 4,691) per term, adding up to around EUR 70 (BDT 9,382) annually. Scholarship Opportunities in Finland Several prestigious scholarship schemes are available for international students pursuing higher education in Finland. These scholarships significantly reduce the financial burden, covering tuition fees and, in some cases, additional living costs. The University of Helsinki offers a competitive scholarship programme that includes tuition waivers of 50 percent or 100 percent, valid for two years. Recipients must maintain full-time academic status, completing at least 55 ECTS credits per year to retain the award. Read more: Top 10 Best Affordable Universities in Canada for International Students The Finland Government Scholarships are more comprehensive, covering not only full tuition fees but also living expenses, travel costs, health insurance, and accommodation. This scholarship is awarded for one academic year initially, with the possibility of renewal based on academic performance. Tampere University offers admission-based tuition fee scholarships covering 50 percent of the programme fees for both Bachelor's and Master's students. At the University of Oulu, the International Scholarship Plan includes multiple awards with specific provisions for different programmes. Particularly, Nokia extends a selective scholarship of EUR 3,000 (BDT 4,02,060) to outstanding candidates in disciplines like Computer Science, Electronics, Wireless Communications, and Sustainable Systems. The Centre for Wireless Communications provides a dedicated EUR 6,000 (BDT 8,04,120) scholarship in the Wireless Communications Engineering Master’s Programme. At the doctoral level, most scholarships are fully funded, encompassing the entire study cost along with a monthly stipend. Read more: Cheapest countries for Bangladeshi students for higher studies Post-Study Work Opportunities International graduates in Finland are eligible to apply for a post-study work permit valid for up to two years. This extension allows time to seek employment or start a business within the country. Students intending to settle permanently in Finland must reside continuously in the country for a minimum of four years, which includes their study period. During this residency, they may not stay outside Finland for more than three consecutive months at any given time. Summing Up Higher studies in Finland are both prestigious and accessible, thanks to its top-ranked universities and generous scholarships for international students. The application process remains smooth and transparent, provided all eligibility criteria are met diligently. However, two critical requirements must be prioritized: proving financial solvency to cover living expenses and securing valid medical insurance throughout the stay. Equally important is maintaining punctuality in aligning the residence permit approval with the issuance of the D-visa. Read more: Distance Learning: Top Universities Offering Online Courses for International Students In essence, Finland combines academic integrity with structural efficiency, offering Bangladeshi students a well-rounded platform for higher education.

Walking is one of the most popular forms of exercise in the world. It costs nothing, can be done almost anywhere and provides numerous health benefits. It decreases the risk and severity of chronic illnesses such as heart disease, diabetes and dementia and improves mental health, sleep, longevity and healthy aging. What's more, there are benefits to walking no matter what level you're at, said Dr. Amanda Paluch, an assistant professor of kinesiology at the University of Massachusetts School of Public Health and Health Sciences in Amherst. That's because any type of physical activity is better than none, she said. Walking accrues benefits even at its most basic level – just putting one foot in front of the other and taking a turn around the block, through a park or down a trail. Research suggests the more steps a person takes each day, the more they reduce their risk of dying. But that benefit maxes out between 6,000 and 8,000 steps per day for people 60 and older and between 8,000 and 10,000 steps per day for people younger than 60. For those who are willing and able, there are ways to boost the benefits of walking to reap even more rewards. Here are five simple ways to put more pep in your steps. 1. Nordic walk your way to even greater fitness Nordic walking, created to help cross-country skiers train during the summer, involves using a set of specially designed poles that work the muscles in the upper body. It has been shown to improve resting heart rate and blood pressure and to increase exercise capacity and oxygen consumption. It's increasingly being suggested as a form of physical activity for older adults. Surprising health benefits of walking barefoot at home "The science behind it is really compelling," said Dr. Keith Diaz, an associate professor at Columbia University's department of medicine in New York City. "You're engaging more muscles and using your upper body more, so you burn more calories than you do with regular walking." The added intensity is what benefits cardiovascular health, Paluch said. "You're getting your heart rate up and also improving your fitness level, which is a major contributor to good health." And, she said, "it can be fun just to have a different way of walking." 2. Add lunges Research suggests adding lunges can also add health benefits to a walk. "As we age, physical function can decline," Diaz said. "Lunge-walking is a means to maintain, if not improve, muscular function." Lunges can be incorporated into all or even just some of the steps on a walk or can be done in intervals along the way, Paluch said. Other simple exercises, such as calf lifts, can be added as well as other muscle-strengthening or resistance training activities. These can be done before, during or after the walk. "Work some muscles that are different from the ones you use walking," Paluch said. "Including even 10 minutes of resistance either before or after a walk can maximize the health benefits of walking. These can be simple activities that don't take a lot of time, such as situps or modified pushups." Lifting light weights can also add benefits, but Paluch does not recommend carrying weights while walking because it can increase the risk of injury. "Using weights right after a walk would be best, because the body is already warmed up," she said. Federal physical activity guidelines recommend adults, especially those 65 and older who are able, incorporate muscle-strengthening activities into their physical activity regimen at least two days a week. This is in addition to at least 150 minutes per week of moderately intense physical activity or 75 minutes of vigorous physical activity. 3. Pick up the pace While walking at any pace is better than not walking at all, studies show a faster, more intense pace incurs greater cardiorespiratory fitness and bigger reductions in the risk for chronic illness. Walking Cannes red carpet in a self-made gown: Who is Nancy Tyagi? "Your pace is a big determinant of how much health benefit you get from walking," Diaz said. "Increasing pace is the easiest thing to do." Picking up speed can be done in intervals of any duration, Paluch said. "Even doing it for just 20 seconds can have a benefit. It really depends on where you're starting from." 4. Put the phone away "Don't be on a screen while you're walking," Diaz said. "That may sound obvious, but in this day and age, that's what a lot of people do." Taking a break from digital devices allows people to de-stress more fully, he said. "Walking itself is a mood booster, but is the mood boost because you're walking or because you took a screen break?" Whether walking alone in silence or talking with a friend, there are mental health gains to taking a break from screens and other work activities, Paluch said. "Taking time for ourselves can be incredibly beneficial." 5. Bring a friend Research shows group outdoor health walks can mitigate social isolation and improve social well-being, which has been linked to better health and longevity. Studies have also found strong social connections help people get and stay active. "Walking can be a social activity as well as a physical activity," Diaz said. And while there's no evidence that talking while walking burns extra calories, he said, there is research suggesting that genuine laughter increases energy expenditure by up to 20%. You may not see the pounds falling off, Diaz said, but you'll have a good time trying. Why You Should Try Walking Backwards American Heart Association News covers heart and brain health. Not all views expressed in this story reflect the official position of the American Heart Association. Copyright is owned or held by the American Heart Association, Inc., and all rights are reserved.

Parker Tirrell, 16, enjoys her art classes, scrolling on TikTok and working at her new job at a pet store. But most of all, the transgender teen loves playing soccer. Until last year, that wasn’t a problem. “I was just living my life like any normal person,” said Tirrell, who has played since she was 4. “I was accepted. I had a nice, steady team that I played on all the time.” Then came a cascade of obstacles, starting with a state ban on transgender girls in girls' sports, and most recently President Donald Trump’s Feb. 5 executive order, “Keeping Men Out of Women’s Sports." Now, life is anything but normal. Tirrell, along with Iris Turmelle, 15, another transgender girl, are the first to challenge Trump's order, six months after suing their own state over its ban and getting a court order allowing them to play. “I just feel like I’m being singled out right now by lawmakers and Trump and just the whole legislative system for something that I can’t control,” Tirrell told The Associated Press in an interview. “It just doesn’t feel great. It’s not great. It feels like they just don’t want me to exist. But I’m not going to stop existing just because they don’t want me to.” Transgender people represent a very small part of the nation’s youth population – about 1.4% of teens ages 13 to 17, about 300,000 people. Turmelle, who likes trying different sports, described the past couple of years as stressful, difficult, annoying and overwhelming — “so many laws targeting you and your community for who you are and what you stand for and just your identity.” One message she hopes to get across to others is “that we are human.” “We don’t go to sleep in the day and go out at night and drink people’s blood. We don’t hate sunlight. We’re human, just like you.” Supporters of the ban say it's about fairness and safetyTrump and others say that the ban is needed to make girls' sports fair and safe. The idea has gotten support across the U.S. as Trump campaigned vigorously against rights for transgender people. During the November election, AP VoteCast, a survey of more than 115,000 voters nationwide, found about half of voters overall said support for transgender rights in government and society has gone too far. About one-quarter said support has been about right and about 2 in 10 said support has not gone far enough. About half of the states have adopted similar measures to New Hampshire’s sports ban. Even some Democrats, including California Gov. Gavin Newsom, a potential 2028 presidential candidate, have come out against letting transgender girls play on girls' teams. Trump's order gives federal agencies wide latitude to ensure entities that receive federal funding abide by Title IX -- which prohibits sexual discrimination in schools -- in alignment with the Trump administration’s view interpreting “sex” as the gender someone was assigned at birth. Trump’s administration has been using the law to push against schools and states that provide accommodations for transgender students. The order is one of a series Trump has signed targeting transgender and nonbinary people. The U.S. Supreme Court is looking at several cases, including one from Tennessee over whether state bans on treating transgender minors violate the Constitution. At least two other states have asked the court to review rulings that blocked the enforcement of state laws prohibiting transgender athletes from competing in sports. A Texas-based group called Female Athletes United has asked to intervene in Tirrell and Turmelle’s lawsuit to defend Trump’s orders. The group said in their filing that it has members across the U.S. who want to play on a safe and level playing field, “and cannot do so if they are forced to compete against males.” The Trump administration has not responded yet to Tirrell and Turmelle’s lawsuit. The U.S. Department of Justice said in a statement to AP that allowing boys to participate in girls' sports is unfair and dangerous. For both New Hampshire teens, the argument that they hold an unfair advantage falls flat. Tirrell says she's less muscular than other girls on her team, and Turmelle said she doesn't see herself as a major athlete. “To the argument that it’s not fair, I’d just like to point out that I did not get on the softball team,” Turmelle recalled of her tryout last year. “If that wasn’t fair, then I don’t know what you want from me.” Balancing being a teen with being an advocateTurmelle and Tirrell are balancing school and normal life with advocacy, testifying against bills they say target their rights. Tirrell recently testified against a bill that would stop hormone treatments and puberty blockers for transgender youth. Both teens have been receiving puberty-blocking medication and hormone therapy, so they will not go through male puberty. Turmelle, a high school freshman, began scrawling on postcards when she was in elementary school asking legislative members, “Please let me play on the girls' teams.” Last year, she was honored by the New Hampshire Women's Foundation as one of its “trailblazing women” for her activism. After a controversy where two dads from an opposing team were banned from school grounds for wearing pink wristbands marked “XX” to represent female chromosomes at a game, Tirrell said she got a nice note from two of the other team's players She pinned it up in her room, saying, “It felt wonderful.” “We think you are so inspiring for continuing, despite all the negativity,” it said. “We support you and thank you. You are a great role model for young girls!” Turmelle, who enjoys playing Minecraft with friends, adding to her collection of mineral rocks displayed in her room, and tending to the family's chickens, has her eye on tennis now. She recently tried out for and made the girls' team. “I want to have the option to do it, because I want to have the freedom to choose,” she said of sports, adding, “It just makes me feel accepted, and who doesn’t want to be accepted?”

Anna Bhobho, a 31-year-old housewife from rural Zimbabwe, once played a passive role in her home, excluded from financial and family decisions in a patriarchal society. Today, she has become a catalyst for change in her village, thanks to her electric tricycle. In many rural parts of sub-Saharan Africa, women have traditionally been excluded from key economic activities such as running public transportation. However, solar-powered three-wheelers are changing that dynamic, providing new financial opportunities and boosting women’s confidence. "My husband now relies on me to cover many expenses, including purchasing furniture and other assets," Bhobho shared at a market in Wedza, where she transports crops for farmers about 150 kilometers (nearly 100 miles) from Harare. The three-wheelers, known as "Hamba" (meaning "go" in Ndebele), are powered by solar-charged lithium-ion batteries. In 2019, the local startup Mobility for Africa began a pilot program, leasing the vehicles to groups of women for $15 a month. Today, women like Bhobho can buy them through a lease-to-own program. "I used to depend on my husband for everything, even money for bread," she said. Now, Bhobho owns land, operates a small grocery store, is paying off a car, and has enrolled her children in a private school with better resources. She earns up to $300 a month, on par with government workers such as schoolteachers. Beyond the financial benefits, Bhobho has gained a sense of self-worth. "Even my husband and in-laws respect me more now. I never had a voice before, but now I have a seat at the table for important decisions," said Bhobho, a mother of three. Carlin Thandi Ngandu, the community engagement coordinator for Mobility for Africa, reported that 300 women across Zimbabwe are part of the program, aiming for women to make up 70% of the beneficiaries. In Wedza, only women own and operate the tricycles. They receive training in safe driving, and for just $1, they can exchange a lithium battery for a fully charged one after covering 100 kilometers (about 70 miles). Motorcycles are a popular form of transport in sub-Saharan Africa, with some shifting to electric versions to reduce fuel costs. The United Nations Environmental Programme is also promoting electric two and three-wheelers in several East African countries. In Nigeria, a green energy company and the UK’s Foreign Office are providing 120 electric three-wheelers to women, supporting both sustainability and economic empowerment. In Zimbabwe, many women’s lives have been transformed, even for those who don’t own tricycles but use them for daily tasks. The days of carrying heavy loads of firewood, water, or farm produce over long distances are over. These tricycles can navigate narrow paths that cars can't access, reaching remote homes and gardens. Their affordability makes them accessible to the local population. Hilda Takadini, a tomato farmer, said her business has thrived since she started using Bhobho’s services. Previously, she had to leave home at 3 a.m. and use an ox-drawn cart to travel 18 kilometers (11 miles) to the market. She often arrived too late, and her tomatoes would spoil. "Now, I get better prices because I can reach the market on time with fresh tomatoes. Even my children can rely on me for school fees," said the 34-year-old mother of six. At Wedza shopping center, several women wait with their tricycles, which can carry up to 450 kilograms (nearly 1,000 pounds) and reach speeds of 60 kph (37 mph). They transport passengers, patients heading to hospitals, and people with goods like bricks, groceries, and firewood. However, the women face challenges like rough terrain, worsened by recent rains, and resistance from some men who are uncomfortable with women taking leadership roles in traditionally male-dominated sectors. Beyond business, the tricycles are improving healthcare access, especially for women and children. Josephine Nyevhe, a volunteer community health worker, uses her tricycle to bring medical services closer to rural families. On a recent afternoon, Nyevhe arrived on her tricycle, set up a weighing scale, and measured children’s growth while providing nutrition advice and referring severe cases to the local clinic. Her tricycle often serves as a village ambulance. "I am always on standby. I get calls at all hours and rush people to the hospital. Sometimes, it’s a pregnant woman who would have delivered at home in unsafe conditions," Nyevhe said, wearing her brown uniform.

The UK continues to attract students around the world with its rich educational institutes, academic system, heritage, and vibrant culture. Yet, the high cost of tuition and living expenses often stands as a challenge. Fortunately, several universities offer affordable courses with standard curricula and education. These hidden gems balance affordability and academic excellence. Let’s explore the ten most budget-friendly universities in the UK for international students in 2025. 10 Most Affordable UK Universities for Non-EU and International Students in 2025 . University of Chester Nestled in the historic city of Chester, this university offers a diverse academic portfolio, with strong programs in business, engineering, social sciences, and health-related fields. Tuition fees range from GBP 10,250 to 20,000, equivalent to BDT 1,614,990 to 3,151,200 (1 GBP = BDT 157.56). The University of Chester provides monetary grants through international and Commonwealth scholarships, making quality education more accessible. Read more: How Bangladeshi Students Can Attest Certificates Online Before Going Overseas Chester stands out for its student-friendly environment, ensuring a well-supported academic experience. The city also offers a promising job market that allows students to gain valuable work experience alongside their studies. Leeds Beckett University Situated in the vibrant city of Leeds, Leeds Beckett University is renowned for its diverse academic programs, including business and management, nursing, sports science, engineering, creative arts, and law. The cost of tuition falls between GBP 10,000 and 17,850, translating to BDT 1,575,600 and 2,812,446. Financial support is available through the Bright Futures Scholarship, Professor Bligh Scholarship, and other university grants. Leeds is an affordable alternative to London, offering a lower living cost while maintaining excellent amenities for students. The city is a thriving hub for technology startups, hosting the Leeds Digital Festival, making it a hotspot for career opportunities in the tech sector. Read more: Study in Lithuania: Application Process, Visa, Scholarships, Costs, and Benefits University of Cumbria With campuses in Carlisle, Lancaster, Ambleside, and London, the University of Cumbria delivers a broad academic spectrum, specialising in arts, business, education, and health.  Tuition expenses vary from GBP 10,500 to 17,800, converting to BDT 1,654,380 to 2,805,168. Financial aid is accessible through international and progression scholarships, easing the financial burden for students. Cities like Carlisle and Lancaster offer a more affordable expense of living compared to metropolitan areas, ensuring students can manage expenses efficiently. Employment opportunities vary by location; Carlisle and Ambleside maintain steady job markets. However, Lancaster shows moderate employment prospects, and London remains highly competitive. Read more: Study in South Korea: Admission, Visa, Costs, Scholarships, and Opportunities for International Students University of Bolton Located in the town of Bolton, the University of Bolton is well regarded for its study areas in engineering, business, and creative technologies. With tuition fees ranging from GBP 9,950 to 15,950 (BDT 1,567,722 to 2,513,082), it remains a budget-friendly choice for global students. Financial support is accessible through the International Excellence Scholarships, further reducing the financial burden. Bolton is known for its affordable cost of living, making student life manageable. Additionally, the town benefits from its close proximity to Manchester, a major employment hub. Read more: Study in Russia: Application Process, Visa, Scholarships, Costs, and Benefits Teesside University Based in Middlesbrough, this university features popular fields of study like business, engineering, and health sciences. Academic fees are set within the range of GBP 9,750 to 19,000, equating to BDT 1,536,210 to 2,993,640. Teesside University provides financial aid through the Global Excellence Scholarships and ASEAN Excellence Scholarship. Middlesbrough is known for its low living costs, making it one of the more affordable student cities in the UK. The local job market is steadily expanding, particularly in the digital and creative industries. Read more: How To Prepare For Higher Studies Abroad After HSC University of Bedfordshire With campuses in Luton and Bedford, the University of Bedfordshire delivers specialized programs in business, engineering, social sciences, and health. Course fees fluctuate between GBP 9,535 and 18,400, converting to BDT 1,502,335 and 2,899,104. Students can benefit from scholarships such as the International Undergraduate Subject-Specific Scholarships and A Level and IB Scholarships. Luton, in particular, offers a cost-effective living environment compared to London, allowing students to manage their expenses effectively. Being near the capital, Bedfordshire students have access to abundant career prospects across multiple industries. Read more: Higher Studies in Italy: Application Process, Costs, Student Visa, Scholarships, and Benefits University of Sunderland Renowned for its excellence in education and teaching, health studies, nursing, psychology, and social work, the University of Sunderland provides students with a strong academic foundation. Educational fees extend from GBP 10,500 to 17,000 (BDT 1,654,380 to 2,678,520), making it a cost-effective choice for foreign students. Financial support is available through the Global Leaders Scholarship and International Scholarship. Situated in Sunderland, a city known for its affordable living costs, students benefit from a lower cost of accommodation and daily expenses. The local job market is expanding, particularly in manufacturing and digital industries. Read more: Higher Studies in England: Application, Study Cost, Scholarship, and Other Scopes University of West London Students at this university can explore diverse fields such as nursing, midwifery, hospitality, social sciences, law, policing, arts, sound recording, and audio engineering. Students can expect to pay between GBP 10,800 and 15,000, equivalent to BDT 1,701,648 and 2,363,400. The University of West London extends financial aid through the International Ambassador Scholarships, UWL International Scholarship, and High Achievers Scholarship. Positioned in the heart of London, students experience a high cost of living, requiring careful budgeting. However, the city compensates with its vast job market, presenting numerous opportunities across multiple industries. Read more: Studying for Bachelor’s in Romania: Application Process, Costs, Scholarships, and Opportunities for Bangladeshi Students Coventry University Offering strong academic programs in business and management, computing, design and creative arts, engineering and technology, health studies, law, nursing, psychology, and social work, Coventry University attracts students globally. The tuition structure spans from GBP 10,900 to 20,050 (BDT 1,717,404 to 3,159,078). Educational funding options like the CU Coventry Undergraduate Scholarship and Vice-Chancellor Undergraduate Scholarship make education more accessible. Based in Coventry, students enjoy a relatively affordable lifestyle compared to major UK cities. The growing job market in Coventry provides a promising environment for graduates, ensuring better career prospects post-study. Read more: How to Register for IELTS Exam in Bangladesh London Metropolitan University With a dynamic academic portfolio, this university offers diverse fields of study like art, architecture, design, human sciences, social professions, social sciences, computing and digital media, business, and law. Course fees fluctuate between GBP 9,535 and 14,500, equivalent to BDT 1,502,335 and 2,284,620. Study grants are available through the International Bright Futures Scholarship, supporting students in their educational pursuits. Situated in London, the London Metropolitan University is positioned in a city known for its high living costs, requiring students to plan finances carefully. However, the capital maintains a robust job market, as it is home to many top global companies. Read more: Studying for Bachelor’s Degree in Hungary: Cost, Scholarships, Opportunities for Bangladeshi Students Wrap Up These 10 cheapest UK universities for international students in 2025 feature financial structures capped under GBP 20,000 (BDT 3,151,200). London Metropolitan University, University of Bolton, and University of West London stand out as some of the most affordable choices. The University of Chester and Coventry University are among the costliest options. Teesside University, University of Bedfordshire, Leeds Beckett University, University of Cumbria, and University of Sunderland position them as middle-tier alternatives. In essence, all of these academic institutions present attractive options, providing the opportunity to fulfil the dream of non-EU students to study in the UK. Read more: Study in France: Costs, Scholarships, and Opportunities for Bangladeshi Students

Finland has been ranked as the world's happiest country according to the World Happiness Report 2025. For the eighth consecutive year, this Nordic country is at the top of the happiness rankings in the annual report published by the Wellbeing Research Centre at the University of Oxford.  People's responses regarding assessing their personal lives were used to determine the rankings of each country. The study was conducted in collaboration with the UN Sustainable Development Solutions Network and the analytics company Gallup. Read more: How to Recognise Your Emotional Red Flags According to researchers, several characteristics that affect happiness aside from income and health seem surprisingly straightforward: having a social support system, eating meals with people, and having a large household. According to the survey, for instance, the happiest households are those with four to five members in Mexico and Europe.

Amadou Ndiaye carefully traced his fingers over bumps on a sheet of paper, interpreting the world he can no longer see. Two centuries have passed since the invention of braille, a tactile writing system that has revolutionized the lives of blind and partially sighted people, providing them with a means of literacy and independence. “Braille has allowed me to live my life,” said Ndiaye, a social worker in Mali who lost his sight as a child. “Before, people wondered: Here is someone who can’t see—how will he manage? How will he fit into society?” Mali, a West African nation with a population exceeding 20 million, has long faced challenges in integrating blind and partially sighted individuals. According to the eye care charity Sightsavers, an estimated 170,000 people in Mali are blind. At 47, Ndiaye was fortunate to attend the blind institute in Mali, where he learned braille, telling himself, “Everything others do, I can do too.” He later went on to attend university. He explained that braille enabled him to pursue his main passion: playing the guitar, which also highlights the importance of touch. “Every pressure on the strings, every movement of my fingers on the neck, becomes a living note full of meaning,” Ndiaye shared. The guitar plays a vital role in Mali's griot tradition, a form of storytelling through music. Musicians have adapted the guitar to mimic sounds of traditional string instruments like the kora. Artists such as Ali Farka Touré have blended Malian melodies with blues, creating a soulful and captivating sound that has earned global recognition. Malian musical duo Amadou and Mariam ignited Ndiaye’s love for the guitar when he was a boy. “One day, near a photography studio, I heard their music coming through the window, which inspired me to explore this world,” he recalled. Amadou Bagayoko and Mariam Doumbia, known as "the blind couple from Mali," gained international fame in the 1990s for their fusion of traditional Malian music, rock, and blues. Bagayoko lost his vision at 16, while Doumbia went blind at 5 due to untreated measles. They met at Mali's institute for the blind, where Doumbia was learning braille and teaching dance and music. At such institutes, braille has helped students overcome challenges like slower reading and writing skills. With braille, students can take the same exams as others, paving the way for employment opportunities, said Ali Moustapha Dicko, a teacher at the capital’s institute for the blind. Dicko, who is blind, uses a special typewriter to create braille texts for his students. However, he noted that his students still face challenges. “We are facing a shortage of teaching materials,” Dicko explained, adding that he only has one braille reading book for his entire class of dozens of students. But advancements in technology give hope to some blind and partially sighted people, suggesting that educational obstacles may continue to decrease. “There’s software, and phones that speak, so many things are vocal,” said Bagayoko of the musical duo. “This helps us progress.” However, Moussa Mbengue, Sightsavers' Senegal-based program officer for inclusive education, pointed out that such technological advances do not match the breakthrough braille represented 200 years ago. “It cannot replace braille. In my view, technology complements braille,” he said.

A baby sea lion, holding an artificial kelp strip, was captured on video performing intricate, rhythmic gymnastics-like movements in the waters of an aquarium in Washington state. At just 9 months old and still dependent on her mother’s milk, Pepper has become the most acrobatic sea lion at the Point Defiance Zoo & Aquarium, according to Noelle Tremonti, a staff biologist. “We often joke that she’s a ribbon dancer because her movements look so graceful and surprisingly beautiful underwater,” Tremonti said. “It makes me really happy to see her engaging with enrichment activities in such a focused way.” The mesmerizing circles, performed last month in Tacoma, Washington, located about 34 miles (55 kilometers) south of Seattle, are part of the sea lion’s enrichment exercises. The kelp strips help Pepper learn how to interact with kelp, which she would encounter in the wild, and how to explore her surroundings using her mouth, Tremonti explained. Made from durable felt material, the strip is just the right size for Pepper to grasp and manipulate. In the video, the sea lion uses her flipper to drag the strip while chasing the end, creating graceful loops, and then bites down on it. Pepper, the first sea lion born at the aquarium in its 120-year history, now weighs 74 pounds (33.5 kilograms) and recently ate her first fish, although she mostly enjoys playing with them. Her favorite pastime, however, is flipping around with the kelp strips. “She spends a large portion of her day finding new ways to play with them,” Tremonti said. “It’s really fun to watch.”